What process involves the inoculation of antigen components to stimulate immune response?

Vaccination is the process that involves the inoculation of antigen components to stimulate an immune response. This practice introduces a form of the pathogen, often a weakened or inactivated version, or subunits of it, into the body so that the immune system can recognize these components as foreign. This exposure trains the immune system to recognize and combat the pathogen more effectively in the event of future exposure.

The other processes mentioned do not involve the direct inoculation of antigens for the purpose of priming the immune system. Antibody therapy involves the use of pre-formed antibodies to provide immediate protection against pathogens, rather than having the body produce its own response through exposure. Passive immunity refers to the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another, providing temporary protection without vaccination. Cell therapy typically involves the use of living cells to treat diseases or conditions and does not directly involve inoculating antigens to stimulate an immune response.